Dialogue

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Vocabulary (Review)

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
In this lesson we’re going to continue with counting as we cover the numbers 11-100.
Before we do that, let’s just quickly review 0-10.
GRAMMAR POINT
0 sefr
1 yek
2 do
3 se
4 chahar
5 panj
6 shesh
7 haft
8 hasht
9 noh
10 dah
・
In Persian, counting from 11-20 is like putting one, two, three, … in front of dah which means “ten”.
11 yazdah
(slow) yaz - dah
yazdah
12 davazdah
(slow) da – vaz - dah
davazdah
13 sizdah
(slow) siz - dah
sizdah
14 chahardah
(slow) cha – har - dah
chahardah
15 panzdah
(slow) panz - dah
panzdah
16 shanzdah
(slow) shanz - dah
shanzdah
17 hefdah
(slow) hef - dah
hefdah
18 hejdah
(slow) hej - dah
hejdah
19 noozdah
(slow) nooz - dah
noozdah
20 bist
(slow) bist
bist
You probably noticed that to make numbers 11-19, you just put a version of the number before the word dah, which means “ten”. Now, the numbers 21-29 start with bist, which means “twenty.” For example, 21 is bisto yek, which literally means “twenty and one”.
・
Let’s make some sample sentences with these numbers. We can use them to talk about time.
“It’s eleven o’clock” in Persian is
Saat yazdah ast.
Let’s break it down:
(slow) Sa - at yaz – dah ast.
And again at natural speed:
Saat yazdah ast.
Saat means “time” or “watch.”
(slow) sa - at
saat
And we just learned that yaazdah is “eleven” and ast means “is” at the end.
Together, it’s
Saat yazdah ast.
“It’s eleven o’clock.”
・
We can use the same type of sentence to express any time, so let’s try some more sentences.
Saat yazdaho nim ast.
“It’s half past eleven.”
(slow) Sa - at yaz – da - ho nim ast.
Saat yazdaho nim ast.
nim means half.
(slow) nim
nim
And the rest of the sentence we have already learned.
・
Here’s another sentence:
“Thirteen is an unlucky number.”
Sizdah adade bad shansi ast.
Let’s break it down:
(slow) siz – dah a – da – de bad chan – si - ast .
Once again:
Sizdah adade bad shansi ast.
sizdah is “thirteen.”
The next word, adade, means “number.”
(slow) a – da - de
adade
The next word is bad, which simply means “bad.” And the chansi ast at the end means “is evil,” or “is bad luck”, which connects to bad:
(slow) bad – shan – si - ast
Bad shansi ast
Altogether, we have
Sizdah adade bad shansi ast.
・
Let’s try a bigger number:
Yek mah si rooz darad.
“One month has thirty days.”
(slow) Yek mah si rooz da - rad.
Yek mah si rooz darad.
Mah means “month,” so yek mah means “one month.”
(slow) yek mah
Yek mah
Rooz means “day.” As you can guess, si rooz means “thirty days.”
(slow) si rooz
Si rooz
The last word, darad, means “has.”
(slow) da - rad
darad
The whole sentence is
Yek mah si rooz darad.
・
So now that you’ve just learned 30, let’s go through some more Persian words for the rest of the tens:
30 si
(slow) si
si
40 chehel
(slow) che - hel
chehel
50 panjah
(slow) pan - jah
panjah
60 shast
(slow) shast
shast
70 haftad
(slow) haf - tad
haftad
80 hashtad
(slow) hash - tad
hashtad
90 navad
(slow) na - vad
navad
・
Let’s try making the Persian word for “fifty–three.” “Fifty” is panjah and “three” is se. You may remember in Persian we added “and” in between, to make “fifty and three”. Putting them together, we have panjaho se or “fifty-three.”
Let’s break it down:
(slow) pan – ja – ho se
And once more:
Panjaho se
・
Finally, we have sad, which is “hundred.”
sad
(slow) sad
sad
Let’s use sad to say “I have a hundred euros in my pocket”:
Man sad euro dar jibam daram.
Let’s break that down:
(slow) man sad eu – ro dar ji – bam da - ram.
And at natural speed:
Man sad euro dar jibam daram.
Jibam means “my pocket.”
(slow) ji - bam
jibam
We just learned that sad means “hundred.”
(slow) sad
sad
The next word, euro, means “euro.”
Finally, daram means “have” and man means "I”. So man daram means “I have.”
(slow) man da - ram
Man daram
The whole sentence, then, is
Man sad euro dar jibam daram.
・
To count up from sad, we just need to add the units and the tens we have already learned, and always add o at the end of the previous word. o means “and”.
110 sado dah
(slow) sa – do dah
Sado dah
198 sado navado hasht
(slow) sa – do na – va – do hasht
sado navado hasht

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