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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Intermediate Season 1 Lesson 3 - Talking About Weather Changes in Persian. John Here.
Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam) I'm Mehrnaz.
John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about reflexive pronouns. The conversation takes place at home while watching a TV show about climate change.
Mehrnaz: It's between Hassan and Parisa.
John: The speakers are family members, therefore, they will speak Persian informally. Okay, let's listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
حسن: هرسال تابستون (تابستان) هوا داره (دارد) گرمتر و گرمتر می‌شه (می‌شود).
پریسا: زمساتونام (زمستان‌ها هم) دیگه (دیگر) کمتر برف میاد (می‌آید).
حسن: یادته (یادت هست) بچه بودیم انقدر (اینقدر) خبر سیل و خشکسالی نبود.
پریسا: مسئله تغییر اقلیم واقعاً جدیه (جدی است) ولی انگار کسی نمی‌خواد (نمی‌خواهد) اقدام جدی در موردش انجام بده (بدهد).
حسن: ما نباید منتظر دیگران باشیم. باید از خودمون (خودمان) شروع کنیم.
پریسا: مثلاً من چه کاری می‌تونم (می‌توانم) بکنم؟
حسن: خیلی کار می‌شه (می‌شود) کرد. من یه (یک) لیست تو (در) روزنامه پیدا کرده بودم.... اینجاس (اینجا است).
پریسا: بده ببینم.
حسن: مثلاً بازیافت پلاستیک و کاغذ. البته بازیافت تو (در) ایران خیلی سازمان یافته نیست.
پریسا: آره حالا حالا ها مونده (مانده است) تا به استاندارد جهانی برسیم.
John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation:
Hassan: Every summer, it's getting hotter and hotter.
Parisa: It already snows less in winters as well.
Hassan: Do you remember how, as kids, we wouldn't hear so much news about floods and droughts?
Parisa: The issue of climate change is really serious, but no one seems to take serious actions toward it.
Hassan: We shouldn't wait for others. We should start with ourselves.
Parisa: For example what can I do?
Hassan: You can do so much. I'd found a list in the newspaper ...here it is.
Parisa: Let me see.
Hassan: For example, recycling plastics and paper. Of course, recycling is not so organized in Iran.
Parisa: Yeah, it's got a long way to go to meet the global standard.
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
John: Climate change is a serious topic that is affecting everyone the world over.
Mehrnaz: Yes, as we heard in this dialogue, it’s affecting Iran too.
John: One of the causes of climate change is burning fossil fuels, and Iran is famously rich in petroleum and natural gas, isn’t it?
Mehrnaz: It is. Because of this, the government doesn’t invest in renewable energies as it should.
John: Is that causing problems in Iran?
Mehrnaz: Yes, it is. Iran is already facing water shortages in some of the dry regions.
John: Really? How bad is the situation?
Mehrnaz: Lake Urmia, which is the sixth largest saltwater lake in the world, has shrunk by 10%.
John: Wow, that’s a big change. How about recycling in Iran? Is that popular?
Mehrnaz: It’s not compulsory, so many households don’t bother.
John: That’s not a good situation.
Mehrnaz: No, it isn’t. And as Iran gets less rain each year, things will just get dryer and worse unless renewable energy and recycling is invested in.
John: Okay, now onto the vocab.
VOCAB LIST
John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is...
Mehrnaz: جدی [natural native speed]
John: serious
Mehrnaz: جدی[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: جدی [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: سیل [natural native speed]
John: flood
Mehrnaz: سیل [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: سیل [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: خشکسالی [natural native speed]
John: drought
Mehrnaz: خشکسالی[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: خشکسالی [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: تغییر اقلیم [natural native speed]
John: climate change
Mehrnaz: تغییر اقلیم[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: تغییر اقلیم [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: دیگران [natural native speed]
John: others
Mehrnaz: دیگران[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: دیگران [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: خودمان [natural native speed]
John: ourselves
Mehrnaz: خودمان[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: خودمان [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: سازمان یافته [natural native speed]
John: organized
Mehrnaz: سازمان یافته[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: سازمان یافته [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: جهانی [natural native speed]
John: global
Mehrnaz: جهانی[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: جهانی [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: مسئله [natural native speed]
John: issue
Mehrnaz: مسئله[slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: مسئله [natural native speed]
John: And last...
Mehrnaz: اقدام [natural native speed]
John: action
Mehrnaz: اقدام [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: اقدام [natural native speed]
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES
John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is...
Mehrnaz: سازمان یافته
John: meaning "organized"
John: This is an adjective.
Mehrnaz: Yes, it comes from سازمان یافتن, which means "to become organized."
John: It’s the passive form of the verb "to organize."
Mehrnaz: Which is سازمان دادن.
John: It’s commonly used in the expression to mean "organized crime."
Mehrnaz: That is جرایم سازمان یافته in Persian.
John: Can you give us an example using this word?
Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... ارتکاب جرایم سازمان یافته معمولا توسط گروه های تبهکار صورت می گیرد.
John: ...which means "Organized crimes are usually committed by criminal groups."
John: Okay, what's the next word?
Mehrnaz: تغییر اقلیم
John: meaning "climate change"
John: This phrase is made up of several words. The first word is,
Mehrnaz: تغییر, with an e, which means "change." Second is اقلیم.
John: This means "climate."
Mehrnaz: The words are in the opposite order to English.
John: Can you give us an example using this phrase?
Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say... تغییر اقلیم در تمامی مناطق زمین در حال رخ دادن است.
John: ... which means "Climate change is occurring in all regions of the world."
John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus.

Lesson focus

John: In this lesson, you'll learn about reflexive pronouns. These are pronouns that, in English, have "self" attached. So, "myself," "yourself," "ourselves," "herself," and so on.
Mehrnaz: In Persian too, they are all made from the same word. It is خود.
John: This goes before the pronoun, instead of after, as it does in English. Let’s check a few. What is "myself?"
Mehrnaz: خودم
John: "Yourself."
Mehrnaz: خودت
John: "Ourselves."
Mehrnaz: خودمان
John: "yourselves"
Mehrnaz: خودتان.
John: All of these, other than "myself," are pronounced slightly differently in colloquial Persian.
Mehrnaz: That’s right. Do you want to hear an example?
John: Sure! Let’s hear the difference in "himself," "herself," and "itself." Mehrnaz will say the standard Persian, and then the colloquial version.
Mehrnaz: خودش [standard] and خودش [colloquial]
John: Now, let’s hear an example sentence.
Mehrnaz: داری با خودت حرف میزنی؟
John: "Are you talking to yourself?"
Mehrnaz: خودشو (خودش را)‌ معرفی کرد.
John: "She introduced herself" or "He introduced himself." Now let’s change the subject, and talk about comparative adjectives. These are adjectives you use to make a comparison, such as "hotter," "shorter," "quieter," and so on. You can use these to show gradual change.
Mehrnaz: To show a gradual change in Persian, you just need to add و between comparative adjectives of the same simple adjective. For example بادکنک بزرگتر و بزرگتر شد.
John: "The balloon got bigger and bigger."
Mehrnaz: Or لهجه ات داره (دارد) بهتر و بهتر میشه (می شود).
John: "Your accent is getting better and better."
Mehrnaz: رضایتم از کارم داره (دارد) کمتر و کمتر میشه (می شود).
John: "I’m less and less happy with my job."

Outro

John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye!
Mehrnaz: خداحافظ (khodaahaafez)

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