Learn how to use possesive and plural forms
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| INTRODUCTION |
| John: Hi everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1, Lesson 2 - Going on a Shopping Trip in Iran. John here. |
| Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam), I'm Mehrnaz. |
| John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about the possessive and plural forms. The conversation takes place at a home and clothing store. |
| Mehrnaz: It's between Mrs. Milani and Farhad. |
| John: The speakers are family members, so they’ll use informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation. |
| DIALOGUE |
| خانم میلانی: می‌خوام (می‌‌خواهم) برم (بروم) کفشام رو(کفش‌هایم را) عوض کنم و برای هدی هم کادو بخرم توهم میای (می‌‌آیی)؟ |
| فرهاد: کجا می‌خوای(می‌‌خواهی) بری (بروی)؟ |
| خانم میلانی: ونک شاید هم تجریش. |
| فرهاد: این دامنا (دامن‌ها) چطور هستن (هستند)؟ می‌خوای که یه (یک) آبی لاجوردی و یه (یک) سفید هم براش بخریم؟ |
| خانم میلانی: خوب نیست، چاق نشونش (نشانش) میده (می دهد). |
| فرهاد: این بلوز چی؟ نارنجی هم دوست داره (دارد). |
| خانم میلانی: نه , ارزون (ارزان) به نظر میاد (می آید) . |
| خانم میلانی: این خوبه (خوب است) اتفاقاً شال سبز لازم داره (دارد). |
| خانم میلانی: ولی اینا (این‌ها) که برداشتی خیلی به هم میان (می‌‌آیند). |
| فرهاد: آره به کفشی که هفته پیش خریده هم خیلی میان (می آیند). |
| John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly. |
| خانم میلانی: می‌خوام (می‌‌خواهم) برم (بروم) کفشام رو(کفش‌هایم را) عوض کنم و برای هدی هم کادو بخرم توهم میای (می‌‌آیی)؟ |
| فرهاد: کجا می‌خوای(می‌‌خواهی) بری (بروی)؟ |
| خانم میلانی: ونک شاید هم تجریش. |
| فرهاد: این دامنا (دامن‌ها) چطور هستن (هستند)؟ می‌خوای که یه (یک) آبی لاجوردی و یه (یک) سفید هم براش بخریم؟ |
| خانم میلانی: خوب نیست، چاق نشونش (نشانش) میده (می دهد). |
| فرهاد: این بلوز چی؟ نارنجی هم دوست داره (دارد). |
| خانم میلانی: نه , ارزون (ارزان) به نظر میاد (می آید) . |
| خانم میلانی: این خوبه (خوب است) اتفاقاً شال سبز لازم داره (دارد). |
| خانم میلانی: ولی اینا (این‌ها) که برداشتی خیلی به هم میان (می‌‌آیند). |
| فرهاد: آره به کفشی که هفته پیش خریده هم خیلی میان (می آیند). |
| John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation. |
| Mrs. Milani: I'm going to change my shoes and buy Hoda a present too; do you want to come along? |
| Farhad: Where are you going? |
| Mrs. Milani: Vanak, maybe Tajrish. |
| Farhad: How are these skirts? Do you want us to buy an ultramarine blue and a white one for her? |
| Mrs. Milani: Not good, it makes her look fat. |
| Farhad: How about this blouse? She loves orange too! |
| Mrs. Milani: No, it looks cheap! |
| Mrs. Milani: This is good! She happens to need a green scarf! |
| Mrs. Milani: But these ones you took go very well together. |
| Farhad: They go very well with the shoes she got last week as well! |
| POST CONVERSATION BANTER |
| John: What’s one famous spot for shopping in Iran? |
| Mehrnaz: That’s "Valiasr Street," or in Persian, خیابان ولی عصر (khiaabaan-e valiasr) |
| John: I’ve heard about it. It’s the longest street in the Middle East. It’s well-known by local residents and Iranians as well as foreign tourists. |
| Mehrnaz: That’s right. It has tall cedar trees plus high-class shopping centers and the best restaurants in Tehran. |
| John: Have you ever been there? |
| Mehrnaz: I’ve visited Valiasr Street a few times. I can say that I had the best European food I’ve ever had there. I also remember that the traditional tea houses were very beautiful and elegant, with very reasonable prices. You should definitely visit this place and have a cup of Iranian-grown black tea with baklava. |
| John: I wish I could! |
| Mehrnaz: And you can get some for just $1! |
| John: That sounds delicious and convenient! Okay, now onto the vocab. |
| VOCAB LIST |
| John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: کادو (kaado) [natural native speed] |
| John: present, gift |
| Mehrnaz: کادو (kaado) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: کادو (kaado) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: آبی لاجوردی (aabi-ye laajevardi) [natural native speed] |
| John: ultramarine blue |
| Mehrnaz: آبی لاجوردی (aabi-ye laajevardi) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: آبی لاجوردی (aabi-ye laajevardi) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: دامن (daaman) [natural native speed] |
| John: skirt |
| Mehrnaz: دامن (daaman) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: دامن (daaman) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: چاق (chaaq) [natural native speed] |
| John: fat, obese |
| Mehrnaz: چاق (chaaq) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: چاق (chaaq) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: بلوز (bolooz) [natural native speed] |
| John: blouse |
| Mehrnaz: بلوز (bolooz) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: بلوز (bolooz) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: ارزان به نظر آمدن (arzaan be nazar aamadan) [natural native speed] |
| John: to look cheap |
| Mehrnaz: ارزان به نظر آمدن (arzaan be nazar aamadan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: ارزان به نظر آمدن (arzaan be nazar aamadan) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: هفته پیش (hafte-ye pish) [natural native speed] |
| John: last week |
| Mehrnaz: هفته پیش (hafte-ye pish) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: هفته پیش (hafte-ye pish) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: به هم آمدن (be ham aamadan) [natural native speed] |
| John: to go together |
| Mehrnaz: به هم آمدن (be ham aamadan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: به هم آمدن (be ham aamadan) [natural native speed] |
| John: Next we have... |
| Mehrnaz: کفش (یک جفت کفش) (kafsh (yek joft kafsh)) [natural native speed] |
| John: shoes (one pair of shoes) |
| Mehrnaz: کفش (یک جفت کفش) (kafsh (yek joft kafsh)) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: کفش (یک جفت کفش) (kafsh (yek joft kafsh)) [natural native speed] |
| John: And last... |
| Mehrnaz: خریدن (kharidan) [natural native speed] |
| John: to buy |
| Mehrnaz: خریدن (kharidan) [slowly - broken down by syllable] |
| Mehrnaz: خریدن (kharidan) [natural native speed] |
| KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES |
| John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first word is... |
| Mehrnaz: به هم آمدن (be ham aamadan) |
| John: Meaning "to go together." |
| Mehrnaz: "be" means "to," ham means "each other," and "aamadan" means "to come." |
| John: So, literally this phrase means “to each other come.” Can you give us some sample sentences? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, این کت و شلوار سفید به من میاد. (in kot-o shalvaar-e sefid be man miaad.) |
| John: "This white suit looks good on me." |
| Mehrnaz: شیرین و جمشید خیلی به هم میان. (shirin-o jamshid kheyli be ham miaan.) |
| John: "Shirin and Jamshid look very good together." |
| Mehrnaz: .این کفش سفید و شلوار آبی خیلی به هم میاند (in kafsh-e sefid-o shalvaar-e aabi kheyli be ham miaand.) |
| John: ...which means "These white shoes and blue jeans go together very well." |
| John: Okay, what's the next phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: ارزان به نظر آمدن (arzaan be nazar aamadan) |
| John: Meaning "It looks cheap." |
| Mehrnaz: "arzaan" means "cheap," and "be nazar aamadan," means "to come to mind," or "to look." |
| John: You can use this phrase whenever something doesn’t look elegant or is not made of good materials. Mehrnaz, can you give us an example using this phrase? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, این ساعت ارزان به نظر میاد. (in saa'at arzaan be nazar miaad.) |
| John: ...which means "This watch looks cheap." |
| Mehrnaz: Instead of "arzaan," you can also say "kelaas paayine," meaning "low class." For example, این ماشین کلاس پایینه. (in maashin kelaas paayin-e.) |
| John: Which means "This car is low class," or "This car looks cheap.” |
| John: Now onto the lesson focus. |
Lesson focus |
|---|
| John: In this lesson, you'll learn about the possessive and plural forms. Let’s start with the possessive form. |
| Mehrnaz: The possessive form in Persian is very easy to make. |
| John: There are two ways to make the possessive. Let’s go over the first one, you guessed it, first. |
| Mehrnaz: We add an -e after the object, immediately followed by the subject. For example, کفش من (kafsh-e man) |
| John: Which means "my shoes." |
| Mehrnaz: So remember: we add an -e sound between a noun (of a thing or entity) and another noun (or adjective). |
| John: Can you give us some other examples? |
| Mehrnaz: Sure, کتاب سیما (ketaab-e simaa) |
| John: meaning "Sima's book." |
| Mehrnaz: کتاب آبی (ketaab-e aabi) |
| John: Meaning "blue book." Ok, now what’s the second way to form a possessive form? |
| Mehrnaz: Add the word maal, meaning "belong," after the object, plus -e and the subject. In other words, between the object and subject. For example, این کفش مال من است. (in kafsh maal-e man ast.) |
| John: Meaning "This shoe belongs to me." |
| Mehrnaz: Using the word "maal," you can also create the possessive pronouns. For example, مال من (maal-e man). |
| John: Which means “mine.” |
| Mehrnaz: مال تو (maal-e to). |
| John: Which means “yours.” Ok, let’s now see the plural nouns. How do you form them? |
| Mehrnaz: For most of the words in Persian, you can make the plural by adding the suffix ها, haa. For example, کفش‌ها (kafsh-haa), ماشین‌ها (maashin-haa), کتاب‌ها (ketaab-haa). |
| John: Respectively meaning “shoes,” “cars,” and “books.” |
| Mehrnaz: Please notice that when speaking, we sometimes drop the h sound and say ketaabaa, maashinaa, and kafshaa. |
| John: To wrap up this lesson, can you give us some example sentences which show how to use both plural and possessive forms? |
| Mehrnaz: For example: کفش‌های من کجا هستند؟ (kafsh-haa-ye man kojaa hastand?) |
| John: “Where are my shoes?” |
| Mehrnaz: این ماشین‌ها مال من هستند. (in maashin-haa maal-e man hastand.) |
| John: “These cars belong to me.” |
| Mehrnaz: همهٔ این کتاب‌ها مال من هستند. (hame-ye in ketaab-haa maal-e man hastand.) |
| John: “All these books belong to me.” |
Outro |
| John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye! |
| Mehrnaz: خداحافظ (khodaahaafez). |
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