Dialogue

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Lesson Transcript

INTRODUCTION
John: Hi, everyone, and welcome back to PersianPod101.com. This is Beginner Season 1 Lesson 14 - Everyday Family Dramas in Iran. John here.
Mehrnaz: سلام (salaam), I'm Mehrnaz.
John: In this lesson, you’ll learn about preposition construction. The conversation takes place at home.
Mehrnaz: It's between Mrs. Milani, Sima, and Jamshid.
John: The speakers are family members; therefore, they’ll speak informal Persian. Okay, let's listen to the conversation.
DIALOGUE
خانم میلانی: سیما جان چقدر بگم (بگویم) جورابات رو (جوراب‌هایت را) زیر تخت ننداز (نینداز).
سیما: مامان من چقدر بگم (بگویم) برام (برایم) یه (یک) سبد بگیر.
خانم میلانی: رفتیم خرید یادم بیار(بیاور).
سیما: چشم.
خانم میلانی: این کتابا (کتاب ها) رو از روی زمین جمع کن.
سیما: هنوز کارم تموم نشده (نشده است).
خانم میلانی: جمشید، خواهش می‌کنم دیگه(دیگر) تو اتاق سیگار نکش.
جمشید: من همیشه میرم تو بالکن.
خانم میلانی: فقط یادت باشه در بالکن رو (را) خوب ببند.
جمشید: چشم خواهر جان.
John: Listen to the conversation one time slowly.
خانم میلانی: سیما جان چقدر بگم (بگویم) جورابات رو (جوراب‌هایت را) زیر تخت ننداز (نینداز).
سیما: مامان من چقدر بگم (بگویم) برام (برایم) یه (یک) سبد بگیر.
خانم میلانی: رفتیم خرید یادم بیار(بیاور).
سیما: چشم.
خانم میلانی: این کتابا (کتاب ها) رو از روی زمین جمع کن.
سیما: هنوز کارم تموم نشده (نشده است).
خانم میلانی: جمشید، خواهش می‌کنم دیگه(دیگر) تو اتاق سیگار نکش.
جمشید: من همیشه میرم تو بالکن.
خانم میلانی: فقط یادت باشه در بالکن رو (را) خوب ببند.
جمشید: چشم خواهر جان.
John: Listen to the conversation with the English translation.
Mrs. Milani: Sima, honey, how many times should I tell you not to throw your socks under the bed?
Sima: Mom, how many times should I tell you to buy me a basket?
Mrs. Milani: If we go shopping, remind me.
Sima: Sure.
Mrs. Milani: Pick up these books off the floor.
Sima: I'm not done yet.
Mrs. Milani: Jamshid, please don't smoke in the room anymore.
Jamshid: I always go to the balcony.
Mrs. Milani: Just remember to shut the door to the balcony.
Jamshid: Sure, dear sister!
POST CONVERSATION BANTER
John: That sounds like the kind of family conversation you’d hear all around the world.
Mehrnaz: It does, doesn’t it?
John: What’s family life like in Iran?
Mehrnaz: Things have changed. Around 50 to 70 years ago, the extended family would live together in a big house with a yard.
John: What do you mean by “extended family?” How extended did it get?
Mehrnaz: It would be grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
John: That would have been a lot of people! How is it now?
Mehrnaz: In the major cities, such as Tehran, Isfahan, Shiraz, Mashhad, and Tabriz, most of these houses were destroyed and replaced by big apartment blocks.
John: So families living together are now smaller.
Mehrnaz: Right. It’s still common for sons and daughters to live with their parents until they get married.
John: Is that more likely for daughters?
Mehrnaz: Yes, it is. Even financially independent, working women will stay with their parents until they get married.
John: Okay, now onto the vocab.
VOCAB LIST
John: Let’s take a look at the vocabulary from this lesson. The first phrase is...
Mehrnaz: کارم تموم نشده [natural native speed]
John: I'm not done
Mehrnaz: کارم تموم نشده [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: کارم تموم نشده [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: سبد [natural native speed]
John: basket
Mehrnaz: سبد [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: سبد [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: زمین [natural native speed]
John: floor (ground)
Mehrnaz: زمین [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: زمین [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: سیگار کشیدن [natural native speed]
John: to smoke
Mehrnaz: سیگار کشیدن [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: سیگار کشیدن [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: در را خوب بستن [natural native speed]
John: to shut the door up
Mehrnaz: در را خوب بستن [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: در را خوب بستن [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: بالکن [natural native speed]
John: balcony
Mehrnaz: بالکن [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: بالکن [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: دیگر [natural native speed]
John: anymore
Mehrnaz: دیگر [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: دیگر [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: چشم [natural native speed]
John: sure
Mehrnaz: چشم [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: چشم [natural native speed]
John: Next we have...
Mehrnaz: از روی زمین جمع کردن [natural native speed]
John: to pick up (something) off the floor (or ground).
Mehrnaz: از روی زمین جمع کردن [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: از روی زمین جمع کردن [natural native speed]
John: And last...
Mehrnaz: خواهش می‌کنم [natural native speed]
John: please
Mehrnaz: خواهش می‌کنم [slowly - broken down by syllable]
Mehrnaz: خواهش می‌کنم [natural native speed]
KEY VOCAB AND PHRASES
John: Let's have a closer look at the usage of some of the words and phrases from this lesson. The first phrase is...
Mehrnaz: خواهش می‌کنم
John: meaning "please, I beg, you’re welcome." When do you use this phrase?
Mehrnaz: You can use it at the start of the sentence when you have a favor that you politely want to ask.
John: Can you break the phrase down for us?
Mehrnaz: Sure. خواهش means “request” or “begging.” می کنم is “I do,” but in this case, it means “please.”
John: Can you give us an example using this phrase?
Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, خواهش میکنم بمون (بمان)!
John: ...which means "I beg you, stay!"
John: Okay, what's the next word?
Mehrnaz: چشم
John: meaning "sure." This isn’t the literal meaning though, is it?
Mehrnaz: No. چشم means “eye.” This meaning comes from the longer phrase به روی چشم
John: Which means “upon your eyes.”
Mehrnaz: So by saying this, you're putting the asker's request “upon your eyes.” It shows that you care about the speaker and respect them.
John: So it’s used as a token of respect and politeness.
Mehrnaz: That’s right. It’s formal but can be used in situations that are only slightly formal too.
John: Can you give us an example using this word?
Mehrnaz: Sure. For example, you can say, چشم مادرم!
John: ...which means "Sure my mother!"
Mehrnaz: There’s another similar honorific phrase: قدم کسی روی چشم کسی (دیگر) بودن
John: Which literally means “to step on the eyes,” implying "they are welcome (to a house)."
Mehrnaz: Right. Ghadam, قدم, means "step," "foot." You can say this phrase to your guest, as in قدمتون روی چشم
John: By saying this, you mean that you're respecting and welcoming your guests.
John: Okay, now onto the lesson focus.

Lesson focus

John: In this lesson, you'll learn about preposition construction. Mehrnaz, how do prepositions work in Persian?
Mehrnaz: Prepositions precede the indirect object of the sentence. The direct object, on the other hand, is always followed by را, raa
John: How are they constructed?
Mehrnaz: Some take the ezaafeh construction, such as برای.
John: This means “for,” “to,” and “in order to.” When is this construction used?
Mehrnaz: It’s mainly used in three cases.
John: The first is possession.
Mehrnaz: For example, خواهر مریم.
John: “Maryam’s sister.” The second case is to modify nouns.
Mehrnaz: Such as کتاب خوب, meaning “good book.”
John: The third case is to connect people, titles, places, days, seasons, and their names.
Mehrnaz: For example, آقای یاسری
John: “Mr. Yaseri.” There’s a list of the most commonly used prepositions in Persian in the lesson notes.
Mehrnaz: Examples are به and برای
John: “To” and “for,” respectively. Can you give us an example?
Mehrnaz: Sure. با مادرم به فروشگاه رفتم.
John: “I went to the shop with my mother.” Next, let’s look at some different word endings.
Mehrnaz: When a word ends in a consonant, the ezaafeh is pronounced but not written.
John: What about with words that end in vowels?
Mehrnaz: The short -e sound becomes a -ye sound. In these cases, the ezaafeh is always pronounced and usually written.
John: Let’s hear some examples.
Mehrnaz: دانشجوی سال دوم
John: “Sophomore.”
Mehrnaz: جای پارک
John: “Parking spot.”
Mehrnaz: But, if a word ends in the short vowel designated by the letter heh do-cheshm, then ezaafeh may be marked in two ways.
John: What’s the first way?
Mehrnaz: In the past, a hamze was added on top of the final heh, but you can omit it. For example, هفتهٔ بعد
John: “Next week.” Okay, what’s the second way?
Mehrnaz: Recently, the letter ی is used in place of the hamzeh.
John: This can be left out of informal writing, without changing the meaning of the word. Let’s hear an example.
Mehrnaz: Just remember that in writing, you can omit the hamze. نامه ی بلندی نوشت.
John: “He wrote a long letter.”
Mehrnaz: Here’s another example, خانهٔ مادربزرگم را بسیار دوست داشتم
John: “I liked my grandmother’s house very much.”

Outro

John: Okay, that’s all for this lesson. Thank you for listening, everyone, and we’ll see you next time! Bye!
Mehrnaz: خدا حافظ(khodahafez)

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